Cell Marker |
Use |
Laboratory |
Albumin |
Albumin |
|
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) |
Pituitary gland tumors |
|
Apoptag kit |
Apoptotic index of tumors |
|
Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) |
Proliferation marker |
|
Aldosterone |
Adrenal gland tumors |
|
Alpha-5 |
Fibronectin receptor |
|
Alpha-antitrypsin |
Histiocytes and hepatocytes |
|
Alpha-1-fetoprotein |
Yolk sac tumors |
|
Alpha-SMA |
Smooth
muscle actin |
|
Amylin (IAPP) |
Islet amyloid
polypeptide |
|
Amyloid A* |
Inquire-human IHC |
|
Amyloid AA* |
Inquire- human IHC |
|
Amyloid-β* |
Inquire |
|
Amyloid P* |
Inquire- human IHC; worked in
ruminants in one study (Hartig et al. 2005) |
|
Anti-cone arrestin |
Retinal cone
photoreceptors and pinealocytes |
|
Aquaporin-1 |
Proximal tubules, GI, RBCs, lung |
|
Aquaporin-2 |
Collecting ducts |
|
Autophagy Ab |
|
|
B220 (mouse) |
B cell |
|
Bcl-2 |
Follicular lymphoma (increased) |
|
Bcl-6 |
LN germinal center |
|
Bcl-6 (mouse) |
|
|
Β-amyloid
precursor protein |
|
|
Beta-catenin |
Carcinomas and fibromatosis
(Increased) |
|
Bla-36 |
B-cell |
|
Blue-opsin |
Retina- opsin |
|
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) |
Proliferation marker |
|
BrdU (mouse) |
|
|
Calbindin |
Brain, kidney, gut
and pancreatic islets |
|
Calbindin-D2 |
|
|
Calcitonin |
Thyroid gland tumors |
|
Calcitonin gene
related peptide |
Neurotransmitter |
|
Calponin |
Smooth muscle,
myoepithelial cells, keratinocytes, nerves |
|
Calprotectin
(equine) |
cytosolic protein complex
(neutrophils) |
|
Calretinin |
Adipocytes,
mesothelial cells, endometrial stroma, Leydig
cells, mast cells, nerves, ovarian theca cells, Sertoli
cells |
|
Caspase-3 |
Apoptosis |
|
Caspase-3
(cleaved) |
Apoptosis |
|
Cathepsin beta |
Brain |
|
CD1a
(non-specified) |
Langerhans cells |
|
CD1a (canine,
frozen) |
Langerhans cells |
|
CD1a (feline,
frozen) |
Langerhans cells |
|
CD3 |
T-cells |
AHT; CT;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; NDSU; NC; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; WSU; UM;
Vienna;
Citopat;
CPL;
CSU |
CD4 (canine,
frozen) |
Helper T-cells |
|
CD4 (mouse, frozen) |
|
|
CD8 (unspecified) |
Cytotoxic T-cells |
|
CD8 (canine,
frozen) |
Cytotoxic T-cells |
|
CD8 (mouse,
frozen) |
|
|
CD10
(non-specified) |
Aka CALLA antigen; hematopoietic
cells, liver, mesonephric remnants, myoepithelial cells, ovary, placenta-
(numerous tissue types) |
|
CD10 (canine) |
||
CD11c (canine,
frozen) |
Histiocytes, NK cells |
|
CD11d
(non-specified) |
Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma |
|
CD11d (canine) |
||
CD18
(non-specified) |
Neutrophils,
macrophages, monocytes, NK cells and basophils |
|
CD18 (canine) |
||
CD18 (feline) |
||
CD20 |
B-cells |
AHT; COR;
CT;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; OSU;Â PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
WSU; Citopat |
CD21 |
Mature B cells,
follicular dendritic cells |
|
CD25 (canine) |
Activated B and T cells, macrophages,
osteoblasts |
|
CD31 |
PECAM; Endothelial
cells at cell junctions, megakaryocytes, pericytes,
platelets, brown fat, trophoblasts, fibroblasts, spermatozoa |
AHT; CO; COR;
DCPAH;
GLAS; GOC; OSU;
PUR; TOSU; UGA;
UM;
Histalim*; CSU |
CD31 (mouse, rat
swine) |
|
|
CD34 |
Endothelium,
hematopoietic cells, dendritic interstitial cells |
|
CD34 (mouse) |
|
|
CD43 |
T-cell |
|
CD44 |
Colon, lung type II pneumocytes, hemopoietic cells, stomach, urothelial basal
cells, uterus |
|
CD45
(non-specified) |
Hematopoietic cells,
dendritic cells, fibrocytes, thymocytes |
|
CD45 (canine) |
||
CD45 B220 |
|
|
CD45 R (feline
only) |
Pan B-cell marker |
|
CD45 R (mouse) |
|
|
CD45 RA
(non-specified) |
Naive / resting T cells, medullary thymocytes |
|
CD45 RA (canine) |
||
CD45 RO |
T-cell |
|
CD61 |
Platelets,
megakaryocytes, myeloid progenitor cells and endothelial cells |
|
CD68 |
Macrophage / monocytes (including Kupffer cells and microglia), basophils, dendritic cells,
fibroblasts, Langerhans cells, mast cells, myeloid cells, CD34+ progenitor
cells, neutrophils, osteoclasts, activated platelets and B and T cells |
|
CD79 |
B-cells/ plasma cells |
|
CD79a |
B-cells/ plasma cells |
COR;
CSU;
CT;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; NDSU; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
Citopat |
CD79acy |
|
|
CD90/Thy-1 |
Immature hematopoietic stem cells,
neurons, connective tissue, activated endothelial cells, fibroblasts |
|
CD117 (c-kit) |
Mast cell tumors;
GIST |
AHT; CO; COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
GLAS; GOC; KSU; NC; NE; OSU;
PUR; TOSU; ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
Citopat;
CSU |
CD144 |
VE-Cadherin |
|
CD163 |
Monocytes /
macrophages |
|
CD204 |
Myeloid cells |
|
CDX-2 |
Nuclei of intestinal
epithelium lining colonic villi and crypts, subset of epithelium of pancreas,
stomach, esophagus, urachal remnants |
|
Chromogranin A |
Adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells),
heart AV node, pancreas (islets), parathyroid (chief cells), thyroid (C
cells) |
AHT; CO; COR;
CPL;
CSU;
CT;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UM;
UGA;
ULiv; WSU |
Clara Cell protein
26 KD |
|
|
Claudin-1 |
Brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung,
spleen and testis |
|
Claudin-5 |
Endothelial tight
junctions (BBB) |
|
Collagen IV |
Collagen type 4 |
|
COX1 |
Normal endothelial
cells; abnormal breast, colon, esophagus, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas,
prostate, skin, stomach |
|
COX2 |
Normal endothelial cells; abnormal
breast, colon, esophagus, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, prostate, skin,
stomach |
|
Cryopyrin |
Auto-inflammatory
molecule |
|
Cytokeratin (non-specified) |
Epithelial cells |
|
Cytokeratin (wide
spectrum) |
|
|
Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 |
Detects CK1-8, 10, 14-16 and 19;
epithelial cells, trophoblasts |
COR;
CPL;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; NC; NDSU; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; CSU |
Cytokeratin HMW,
34BE12 |
All squamous,
transitional and some ductal epithelia |
|
Cytokeratin 5 |
Mammary myoepithelial cells, cornea, mesothelium,
basal epithelium |
PUR; |
Cytokeratin 5/6 |
Mammary myoepithelial
cells, cornea, mesothelium, basal epithelium |
|
Cytokeratin 5/14 |
Basal cells, myoepithelium,
epithelial mesothelioma |
UM; |
Cytokeratin 5D3 |
CK8, 18, 19, low MW;
ductal, glandular epithelia |
UM; |
Cytokeratin 6
(mouse) |
|
|
Cytokeratin 7
(CK7) |
Glandular,
transitional epithelia |
|
Cytokeratin 8/18 |
Carcinomas of epithelial origin and
mesotheliomas |
|
Cytokeratin 8
(mouse) |
|
|
Cytokeratin 14
(mouse) |
|
|
Cytokeratin 19
(CK19) |
Epithelium |
COR; |
Cytokeratin 20
(CK20) |
gastric, intestinal, urothelial
epithelia, Merkel cells |
|
Cytokeratin/vimentin
combo |
Panel |
|
CNP-ase |
Myelin |
|
D2-40 (podoplanin) |
Mesothelial marker |
|
Desmin |
Muscle |
CO; COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; NDSU; NE; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
WSU; Citopat;
CSU |
Desmoglein 1/2 |
Epidermis |
SKW; |
DOG-1 |
GIST |
|
Doublecortin |
Neurons |
UM; |
Dystrophin |
|
|
E-cadherin |
Carcinoma (decreased) |
|
EGF |
|
|
EGFR |
Neoplasia (increased) |
|
Endorphin |
Neurons |
|
Epithelial
membrane antigen (MUC-1) |
Glandular epithelium |
|
Estrogen receptor |
Mammary gland |
|
Ezrin |
Microvilli |
|
FAM (family with sequence similarity) |
Tumor marker |
|
F4/80 (mouse) |
Macrophage |
|
Factor VIII-related
antigen |
Endothelial cells |
|
Factor XIIIa |
|
|
Fibrinogen |
|
|
Fibronectin |
|
|
Follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) |
Pituitary gland |
|
FOXP3 |
Regulatory T cells |
|
GADD-45 |
Neoplasia (decreased) |
|
GATA-3 |
Mammary gland,
T-cells |
PUR; |
GATA-4 |
Immature cardiomyocytes |
|
Gastrin |
Stomach, duodenum,
pancreas |
|
G-cap (cones) |
Retinal cones |
|
Gcet1 |
Germinal center
B-cells |
|
Glial fibrillary
acidic protein (GFAP) |
Nervous tissue |
AHT; CO; COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
KSU; NDSU; NE; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
WSU; Histalim*; Citopat;
CSU |
Gastrointestinal
tumor profile |
Panel |
CO; |
Glucagon |
Pancreas |
|
Glutathione
S-transferase (GST-a) |
|
|
Glut 1 |
Red blood cells, blood-brain barrier, perineurium |
PUR; |
Granzyme B |
Cytotoxic T
lymphocytes |
PUR; |
Growth hormone |
Pituitary gland |
|
HBME-1 |
Mesothelial cells,
thyroid carcinoma |
PUR; |
Hepatocyte |
Hepatocytes |
UM; |
Hepatocyte marker
1 |
Hepatocytes |
PUR; |
Hepatocyte specific
antigen |
Hepatocytes |
UGA; |
Her-2 |
Neoplasia (increased) |
|
Her2/neu (c-erbB-2) |
|
|
HIF-1 alpha |
Neoplasia |
|
Histamine |
Mast cells, other tissues |
UGA; |
Histiocytic tumor
panel |
Panel: Vimentin,
MHC-II, CD18, CD3, CD79 Α +/- MAC387 and
lysozyme |
|
HepPar-1 |
Hepatocytes, small intestinal
epithelium |
|
HMB-45 |
Melanocytes |
|
HPDG (prostaglandin dehydrogenase) |
Neoplasia |
|
IgA (canine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgA (bovine,
canine, equine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgA (canine,
feline, equine) |
AB complexes |
|
IgG1 |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG (canine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG (equine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG (feline) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG (non-specified) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG (bovine,
canine, equine, feline, ovine, porcine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG cocktail (canine,
caprine, feline) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgG (canine,
feline, equine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgM (bovine, canine,
equine, feline, ovine, porcine) |
Ab complexes |
|
IgM (canine,
feline, equine) |
Ab complexes |
GLAS; |
IgM (canine) |
Ab complexes |
|
Iba-1 |
Macrophages/histiocytes/microglia |
|
IL-6 |
IL-6 |
|
IL-15 |
IL-15 |
|
Immunoglobulin and
C3 |
|
|
Inhibin |
Sertoli cells, granulosa cells, prostate, brain, adrenal gland |
|
Insulin |
Pancreatic islet cell tumors |
COR;
CPL;
DCPAH;
GLAS; KSU; PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
UM;
Vienna;
Histalim* |
Integrin |
|
|
Ki67 |
Proliferation marker |
AHT; COR;
CPL;
DCPAH;
GLAS; KSU; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
Histalim*; Citopat;
CSU |
Kappa light chains |
Antibodies |
|
Lambda light chains |
Antibodies |
|
Lambda light chain
(except mouse) |
Antibodies |
|
Laminin |
Basement membrane |
PUR; |
Langerin |
|
|
LTA |
Multiple tissues |
COR; |
Ly6G (mouse) |
Neutrophil |
|
Lysozyme |
Histiocytes, monocytes, neutrophils |
CO; CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
KSU; PUR; TOSU; UGA;
UM;
Vienna;
WSU; CSU |
LYVE-1 |
Lymphatic vessels |
PUR; |
Mac387 (Myeloid/histiocyte Ag) |
Histiocytes |
AHT; COR;
CPL;
CT;
OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
Histalim* |
Macrophage
marker/microglia |
Histiocytes/microglia |
PUR; |
MCM7 |
Proliferation marker |
|
Melan A |
Melanocytes |
CO; COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
KSU; NC; NDSU; NE; OSU;
PUR; TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
WSU; Histalim*; Citopat;
CSU |
Mel-1 |
Melanoma |
|
Melanoma cocktail |
Melan-A, PNL-2,
TRP-1, and TRP-2 |
|
Melanoma panel |
Panel: vimentin, TRP-2, Melan-A |
|
Met-enkephalin |
CNS, adrenal medulla |
|
MHC II
(non-specified) |
APCs |
|
MHC II (canine) |
APCs |
|
MHC II
(HLA-DR-alpha-chain) |
Precursor T-cell |
|
MHL-1 |
Colon cancer |
|
Microtubule-associated
protein (MAP2) |
|
|
MITF-1 |
Melanocytes, mast
cells, osteoclasts, perivascular epithelioid cells |
|
Mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) |
|
|
MSH |
Melanocytes |
|
MSH-6 |
Melanocytes |
|
Mum-1 |
Plasma cells |
|
Muscle specific
actin |
Muscle (both smooth and skeletal) |
|
Myelin basic
protein |
Myelin |
|
Myeloperoxidase |
Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes |
|
MyoD1 |
Fetal skeletal muscle |
|
Myogenin |
|
|
Myoglobin |
Skeletal muscle |
|
NALP3 |
Inflammasome |
|
Napsin A |
Type 2 pneumocytes (cytoplasm), alveolar macrophages (cytoplasm) |
|
N-cadherin |
Cardiomyocytes |
|
Neuronal panel |
Panel: GFAP, synaptophysin, S-100 |
GLAS; |
Neurofilament |
Neuronal cells |
|
Neurofilament protein (non-phosphorylated) |
Neuronal cells |
|
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) |
lipofuscin |
|
Neuron specific
enolase (NSE) |
Neurons,
neuroendocrine cells |
|
Nerve growth factor
receptor |
CNS |
|
Oct 3/4 |
Undifferentiated
cells |
|
Olig |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
Olig2 |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
Osteonectin |
Fibroblasts |
|
Oxytocin |
Hypothalamus,
pituitary gland |
|
p16 |
Neoplasia (+/-) |
|
p50 |
Transcription |
|
p53 |
Neoplasia (+/-) |
|
p63 |
Myoepithelial cells |
|
p65 |
Transcription |
|
P-cadherin |
Undifferentiated
cells |
|
Pancreatic amylase |
|
|
Pancreatic
polypeptide |
Pancreatic islet PP
cells |
|
Pancytokeratin (non-specified) |
all glandular to squamous epithelia |
|
Pancytokeratin MNF116 |
Detects CK5, 6, 8, 17
and +/- 19 |
|
Parathyroid hormone |
Parathyroid tumors |
|
Parathyroid
hormone related protein (PTH rp) |
Hypercalcemia of
malignancy (lymphoma, AGASACA, SCC etc.) |
|
Pax-5 |
Early B-cells |
|
Pax-8 |
Epithelium of cervix,
endometrium, kidney, thyroid, ovarian inclusion cysts, pancreatic islet
cells, |
|
PDGF |
Megakaryocytes, activated vascular
endothelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells |
|
Periaxin |
Schwann cells;
Tasmanian Devil facial tumor marker |
|
PMS2 |
Colon neoplasia (decreased) |
|
PNL2 |
Melanocytes |
|
PGP9.5 (ubiquitin thiolesterase) |
Neurons/nerves |
|
Po peripheral
nerve myelin |
|
|
Progesterone
receptor |
Mammary gland, endometrium |
|
Prolactin |
Pituitary gland
tumors |
|
Proliferating cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) |
Proliferation marker |
COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
GLAS; PUR; TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Histalim*; Citopat;
CSU |
Proliferating cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) (rat, mouse) |
|
|
Prostate specific
antigen |
Prostate (more sensitive than PAP) |
|
Prostatic acid
phosphatase (PAP) |
Prostatic epithelium
and ducts |
|
Prox-1 |
Angiosarcomas |
|
pTau |
Microtubule support protien |
|
PTEN |
Carcinoma (decreased) |
|
Round cell tumor
panel |
Panel: Cytokeratin,
vimentin, CD3, CD79a, Astra blue |
|
Round cell tumor
panel (extended) |
Panel: Cytokeratin, vimentin, CD3,
CD79a, Astra blue, MHC-II, CD18 |
|
Rack-1 |
SCC (increased) |
|
Retinoblastoma |
Panel |
|
Rhodopsin (rods) |
Retina-rods |
|
S-100 Protein |
neural / melanocytic marker |
AHT; COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
KSU; NE; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna |
S-100P |
Esophagus, stomach
and placenta |
|
S-antigen (arrestin) |
Retinal rod outer
segments |
|
Sarcomeric actin |
Skeletal muscle |
|
Serotonin |
Enterochromaffin cells |
|
Skeletal muscle
myosin |
Skeletal muscle |
|
Smooth muscle actin
(SMA) |
Smooth muscle |
COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
GOC; KSU; NDSU; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna |
Smooth muscle
actin (SMA) (mouse, rat, swine) |
|
|
Smooth muscle
myosin |
Smooth muscle |
|
Spindle cell tumor
panel |
Panel: vimentin,
S-100, desmin, smooth muscle actin, +/- CD117 |
|
Somatostatin |
Pancreatic islet cell tumors |
|
SOX-10 |
Melanoma/neural crest |
|
Surfactant |
Alveolar proteinosis |
|
Surfactant protein
A |
Alveolar proteinosis |
|
Survivin |
Inhibitor of apoptosis |
|
Synaptophysin |
Adrenal medulla,
neuronal cells, neuroendocrine cells, pineal gland |
AHT; CO; COR;
CPL;
CT;
DCPAH;
KSU; NE; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
UM;
Vienna;
WSU; Citopat;
CSU |
Tamm-Horsfall protein (uromodulin) |
|
|
Tau |
Microtubule support
protein |
|
T cell/B cell combo |
Panel |
|
Thyroglobulin |
Thyroid follicular
cells |
|
Thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH) |
Pituitary gland |
|
Thyroxine (T4) |
Thyroid gland |
|
Telomerase
reverse transcriptase
(TERT) |
Neoplasia (decreased) |
|
TLR-4 |
Toll-like receptor 4 |
|
TNF-α |
TNF-α |
|
Tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1) |
Melanocytes |
|
Tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2) |
Melanocytes |
|
Tryptase |
Mast cells |
|
TTF-1 |
Thyroid, lung |
|
TUNEL |
Apoptosis |
|
TUNEL (mouse) |
|
|
Tyrosinase |
Melanocytes |
|
Tyrosine
hydroxylase |
Neuroendocrine |
|
Ubiquitin |
Ubiquitin |
|
Uroplakin |
Urothelium |
|
Uroplakin II |
Urothelium |
|
Uroplakin III |
Urothelium (umbrella cells) |
|
Vasoactive
intestinal protein |
GI, pancreas, brain |
|
VEGF |
Neoplasia (increased) |
|
VCAM-1 |
|
|
Vimentin |
Mesenchymal cells |
AHT; CO; COR;
CPL;
CT;
KSU; NDSU; NC; NE; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
TOSU; UGA;
ULiv; UNAM;
UM;
Vienna;
WSU; Histalim*, Citopat;
CSU |
Vimentin 2 |
Mesenchymal cells |
|
Von Willebrand factor (VwF) |
Endothelium |
AHT; COR;
CT;
GLAS; NC; OSU;
PUR; SKW;
UGA;
ULiv; UM;
Vienna;
CSU |
Wilms tumor 1
(WT-1) |
Nephroblastoma |
AHT: Animal Health Trust, UK
AVL: Advanced Veterinary Laboratory, USA
Citopat: Citopat, Barcelona, Spain
CO: Colorado State University, USA
COR: Cornell University, USA
CDC: Centers for Disease Control, USA
CPL: Comparative Pathology Laboratory, UGA, USA
CSU: Colorado State University, USA
CT: University of Connecticut, USA
DCPAH: Michigan State University, USA
GLAS: University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
GOC: University of Guelph, Canada
GmBH: IVD GmBH, Germany
Histalim: Histalim, Montpellier, France (this is a commercial research lab)
IDL: infectious Disease Laboratory, USA
ISU: Iowa State University, USA
KSU: Kansas State University, USA
MO: University of Missouri, USA
NC: North Carolina State University, USA
NDSU: North Dakota State University, USA
NE: Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, USA
OSU: Oregon State University, USA
PUR: Purdue University, USA
SKW: Prairie Diagnostic Services, Saskatchewan, Canada
TOSU: The Ohio State University, USA
Tufts: Tufts University, USA
TVMDL: Texas Vet Med Diagnostic Lab, USA
UCD: University of California- Davis, USA
UCSD: University of California-San Diego, USA
ULiv: University of Liverpool, England, UK
UGA: University of Georgia, USA
UM: University of Minnesota, USA
UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
UPenn: University of Pennsylvania, USA
VETD: Vet Diagnostics, Lyon, France
Vienna: University of Vienna, Austria
VIO: Animal and Plant Health Agency, UK
WSU: Washington State University, USA
Human Laboratories
PhenoPath: PhenoPath, USA
ProPath: ProPath, USA
Stan: Stanford Medical, USA